In Unit 10, I learned about the types of systems in the body. It includes homeostasis, circulatory system, lymphatic systems, respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, and immune system. We learned about the functions of each of these systems.
Homeostasis includes negative and postive feedback. Postive feedback occurs when things go in one way away from a set point. Negative feedback is when temperature bounces back and forth. Homeostasis also includes important terms like behavioral response and physiological response.
Behavioral response is a response of a whole organism. Physiological response is the response within the body. Homeostasis helps blood glucose levels. It increases blood glucose levels. If it goes up, beta cells of the pancreas are going to secrete insulin and tells the cells to take in more glucose and allows it to go in the cell and goes down to a set point which is around 90-100 milligrams per millimeter. If it goes too low, alpha cells stimulate and secrete glucagon and tells the liver to breakdown glycogen and release glucose. Homeostasis can affect the kidney by helping it release urine from the body. It can affect evolution and can be affected by invasive species and dehydration.
We learned about the circulatory system and respiratory system, which ares systems that transports blood, gases and nutrients. It can collect and carry away waste and maintain body temperature. It can also separates oxygen poor and oxygen rich blood.
In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the circulatory system. It delivers oxygen from inhaled air to the blood and expels carbon dioxide and water. The respiratory system can affect the heart and circulation flow through the body. It flows by entering the right atrium, right ventricle which pumps blood to lungs, oxygen rich blood enters left atrium, then to left ventricle which pumps blood to the body.
In the nervous system, I learned about the functions of the nervous system. The nervous system includes the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system includes the brain, brain stem, and spiral cord. Peripheral nervous system includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, sensory neurons, and motor neurons. The CNS processes information. It has four parts that process information which are the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls thought, movement, and emotion. The diencephalon controls the coordinate with the endocrine system and directs info to cerebrum. The cerebellum involves calculating force and direction of muscle contraction and determines body position. The brain stem controls basic life functions. The nervous system also involves spinal cords and neurons. The spinal cord controls reflexes. Neurons are highly specialized cells. There are 3 types of neurons that receive and transmit signals. They are sensory neurons, association neurons and motor neurons. Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the body of the CNS. Association neurons carry impulses from the sensory neurons to motor neurons. Motor neurons carry nervous impulses from CNS to muscles and glands.
The endocrine system is made up of glands that carry functions. It is slower but is a longer lasting control of bodily functions such as reproduction growth and metabolism. Glands are organs that synthesize a substance for release. Hormones are a chemical substance that is produced by glans, travels through the circulatory system to different parts of the body and affects cells with transmitters. In the endocrine system, the glands like the hypothalamus glands link with the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland to control body temperature. There are many other glands in the nervous system that can help deal with hormones.
The digestive system is about the digestion of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. The digestive system is important for the organs that help break down food. It breaks down food into energy cells can use, nutrients are absorbed and transported to all cells. Undigested material is eliminated as liquids and solid wastes. Nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine and large intestine. The three parts of the small intestine is the duodenum, jejunum, and lleum. It absorbs nutients by entering the circulatory or lymphatic systems and liver stones excrete glucose for future use as a polysaccharide called glycogen. The large intestine absorbs water and solid wastes and eliminates them. The waste is then eliminated through the anus.
The immune system helps protect the body from infection. There are two types of immunity which are innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens using a small set of receptors and is a rapid responses. Adaptive immunity is the recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens using a vast array of receptors and is slower response. Adaptive immunity help deal with humoral response and cell mediated response and innate immunity deal with defenses like barrier defenses, and internal defenses. The immune systems deal with pathogens that can enter the body in many ways. Phagocytes and natural killer cells are vital in the immune system as it protects the body in different ways.
The lymphatic system is a system of tubes and sacs throughout the body that collects waste and blood from all tissues. The importance of the lymphatic system is that it clears waste from the body. It's the first line of defense when sickness occurs. Lymph nodes make lots of white blood cells and swell sore muscles from working out and uses them to pump waste out. The lymphatic system can catch cancer before it makes to lymphatic system. The inflammatory responses in the lymphatic system is the process of the body responding to a pathogen entering the body. There are two types of inflammation which are acute local and systemic inflammation that deal with pathogen response.
Since August, I have learned to make good blog posts about the things we do in class like labs, projects and unit reflections. I have accomplished on learning a lot about biology by doing blog posts. The blog posts help me with tests since a good test taking skill is writing a lot than just looking at important terms to study for tests. I am most proud of the blog posts. I have learned a good skills of making good blog posts by adding lots of information, links and pictures to make it look more appealing.
pig dissection blog post
This blog post was about doing a relate and review on the pig dissection we did in the end of the year. I added a youtube video that was made during class when we did the pig dissection. The video is about talking about certain parts of the pig's body using what we learned about each of the systems.
Saturday, May 28, 2016
Thursday, May 26, 2016
20 time final reflection
20 time presentation
Our TED Talk went well. We got a good score on our Ted Talk. We talked smoothly and explained the major details of our 20 time project. Our PowerPoint was well made and our speech made the required time limit allowed. The things that we should have done differently was that we should have memorized our parts more. I didn't memorize mine that much and it affected the way the presentation went. If I memorized my parts more then the presentation would have gone much smoother. Watching the video, I would have given ours a 74-75 because we had met all of the criteria but our speaking needed to be a bit better. The experience on giving this talk was nervous for me. I had to prepare a lot with my partner. We had to prepare our speech and powerpoint and do some dry runs to make sure we would meet the time limit. We would have to meet each other to prepare this. Giving the talk was a bit nervous. We were not used to talk to a whole audience as a partner. The takeaway from this experience was that we should prepare more when speaking to an audience and make more eye contact.
For our 20 time project, we decided to make a Rubik's cube program to help solve a 2x2 Rubik's cube in the least moves possible. Here's what we did 20 time reflection.
picture of our 20 time project
picture of 20 time project
This link leads to a picture which is what our Rubik's cube program looks like after it's completed. This took us at least a month to complete. It contains over 200 lines of program that runs the program smoothly.
Our TED Talk went well. We got a good score on our Ted Talk. We talked smoothly and explained the major details of our 20 time project. Our PowerPoint was well made and our speech made the required time limit allowed. The things that we should have done differently was that we should have memorized our parts more. I didn't memorize mine that much and it affected the way the presentation went. If I memorized my parts more then the presentation would have gone much smoother. Watching the video, I would have given ours a 74-75 because we had met all of the criteria but our speaking needed to be a bit better. The experience on giving this talk was nervous for me. I had to prepare a lot with my partner. We had to prepare our speech and powerpoint and do some dry runs to make sure we would meet the time limit. We would have to meet each other to prepare this. Giving the talk was a bit nervous. We were not used to talk to a whole audience as a partner. The takeaway from this experience was that we should prepare more when speaking to an audience and make more eye contact.
For our 20 time project, we decided to make a Rubik's cube program to help solve a 2x2 Rubik's cube in the least moves possible. Here's what we did 20 time reflection.
picture of our 20 time project
picture of 20 time project
This link leads to a picture which is what our Rubik's cube program looks like after it's completed. This took us at least a month to complete. It contains over 200 lines of program that runs the program smoothly.
Pig dissection lab relate/review
The pig dissection lab relates to unit 10, physiology. We learned about our human body and the systems it contains. It contains the circulatory and respiratory system, nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, immune system, and lymphatic system. We learned about each of these systems and how it helps function the whole entire body. Without these systems, you would not survive. In the pig dissection lab, we identified the parts using our understanding of the systems. We had to identify parts from the external anatomy, digestive system, respiratory system, endocrine system, circulatory system, and urogenital system by cutting the pig's skin and mouth open and identifying them. My group would the dissection video tutorial which consists of identifying certain parts of the pig's body and explaining the functions.
Tuesday, May 10, 2016
20 Time Reflection
During this 20 time experience, I have learned a lot about myself. I've challenged myself by looking up material that I did not know much about and learning more about it to put into a Ted Talk. I chose to do computer science with my friend, who wanted to do it very much. I chose this because my friend and I were interested in it. Our goal was to create a 3x3 Rubik's cube using computer science. In order to achieve this goal, we would first determine which coding language we would use. We would then use the language to program a solver to solve a 3x3 Rubik's cube. We would use a real Rubik's cube to help make the program act like a real cube that could solve a 3x3 Rubik's cube and the net to help with cube movement. This did not go too well. We decided to make a 2x2 cube using a computer science coding language since making a 3x3 cube was going to be too difficult to do and would not get enough time to complete before the deadline. We didn't quite finish the 2x2 cube and will not make the 3x3 cube. We learned about what we were capable of doing using our computer science skills. When we started doing our program of making a rubix cube solver to solve 3x3 cubes, there were many possibilities of solving a 3x3 cube. There were so many possibilities that we decided not to do it and do the 2x2 cube because it would be easier to do. If we had a chance of doing this project again, we would still stick with the 2x2 cube since we didn't finish it last time and maybe do the 3x3 after we complete the 2x2 cube. We would continue this challenge to help improve on our computer science skills. We would also share this to others because there are some people that would be interested in doing this project and would also give people new challenges for doing projects relating to this project.
Wednesday, May 4, 2016
Unit 9 Reflection
In Unit 9, we have learned about taxonomy and how certain types of organism evolved the world. This includes bacteria and viruses, fungi, plants, invertebrates, and chordates. We learned about each these types of organisms in great detail. We have done presentations on what on earth evolved. This unit was difficult to understand since there is a lot of information to absorb.
For bacteria and viruses, we learned that they come in a variety of shapes that includes spheres, rods, and spirals and are smaller than Eukaryota cells. We learned about several types of bacteria which include gram positive and gram negative. Gram positive bacteria have simpler walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan and gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan and a toxic outer membrane and are more likely to be antibiotic resistant mobility. Most mobile bacteria propel themselves by flagella scatted about the surface or concentrated at one or both ends. HIV are retroviruses that use revers transcripture to copy their RNA genome into DNA. Some key terms are flagellum which are protein whip like structures that are used to propel organisms. Bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes that contain flagellum are composed of different proteins and are likely evolved independently. Another key term to know is chemoheterotrophs which are heterotrophic bacteria that take in organic molecules, photoautotrophs which use light to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbon compounds and chemoautotrophs which use energy directly from chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrates, sulfur or iron. Viruses are not cells and are small infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat and a membranous envelope.
We learned about Fungi. Fungi have many traits which include their walls being made of chitin, and can absorb food through Hyphase. They are multicellular organisms with yeast. They have many parts that include hyphae, mycellium, fruiting obdy and a spore. These parts help grow fungi like mushrooms. The diversity of fungi include sac fungi, bread molds, and club fungi. They are important in many ways like they can be used for food, antibiotics and as model systems for molecular biology.
We learned about plants and have evolved through natural selection and can be understood through the understanding of the evolution of plants. The major adaptations of plants is that they can survive in most conditions. The most major plants include Bryophyta, ferns and gymnosperms. There are two types of angiosperms which include monocots and dicots. Monocots have a single seed leaf which have parallel leaf veins with flower parts being in groups of three. Dicots have two seed leaves that have netlike veins and have flower parts in multiple of 4 or 5.
Invertebrates are important for this unit as they help evolve Earth and have many phylums. Most invertebrates are very diverse are categorized by body symmetry, tissue layers and developmental patterns. Sponges and Cnidarias are phylums and are very simple as they are very old and are similar to other animals on Earth. Sponges are related to protists and Cnidarias have four major classes that include scyphozoans, anthozoans, hydrozoans, and cubozoans. Another type of phylum are platyhelminthes which include flatworms, mollusks, and annelids and are closely related to phylas. Another phyla is phylum molluska which are diverse as well. They have a complete digestive tract that have two openings which are the mouth and anus. They have a radula, mantle and ctenidia. Another phylum is the Arthropods which have exoskeletons, jointed appendages, segmented body parts and are classified by five groups which are the trilobites, crustaceans, chelicerates, insects and myriapods. They have been given a circulatory system and have sensitive organs and compound eyes. Insects have 3 pairs of legs, a head, thorax and an abdomen and are dominant terrestrial arthoropods. Crustaceans are a diverse group of arthropods and share several common features. They can vary in structure and anatomy. The last phylum of invertebrates are echinoderms. They are similar to vertebrates and have an external skeleton.
Chordates are important to taxonomy and helped evolve Earth. They include vertebrates and have seven classes of vertebrates which are Agnatha, Condricthyes, Osteichyes, Amphibia, Reptilla, Aves and Mammalia. Agnatha are jawless fish that have developed from gill arches located around the pharynx and have a lateral line system. Condricthyes are fish with skeletons made of cartilage and include bony fish that have skeletons that are made of bone. Condricthyes also have lobe fins that are paired pectoral and pelvic fins that are round and help support weight and helped evolve the first amphibians. Reptiles that are diverse amniotes. They have ectotherms, covered in scales, reproduce by laying eggs, and have a three chambered heart. They helped evolve the first modern reptiles, bird, and mammals. Aves are birds that have evolved from dinosaurs and have hollow bones, fused collarbones that form a v shaped wishbone and have three fingered hands. Mammals are egg laying and include monotremes that lay eggs like a duck billed platypus, marsupials that give birth to live young that are later mature, and Eutherians that give birth to live young that complete fetal development.
In this unit, we had a what on Earth evolved presentation. We have done lots of presentations on the types of species that have change Earth. My presentation went well even though I was worried that I would not make the presentation at least four minutes long. I did the lobe finned fish and it was difficult getting information that would relate on how it changed evolution. There was little information on evolution and I tried to make it longer by adding interesting facts. I could have improved on how I would present it. I read most of my information on the slides I made and I should have not made my slides too wordy and should of made a document of the imformation for my presentation. For my Ted Talk, I will prepare more to know what I need to present in front of the class. I would also have to memorize more information and speak more clearly.
My What On Earth Evolved Presentation
For bacteria and viruses, we learned that they come in a variety of shapes that includes spheres, rods, and spirals and are smaller than Eukaryota cells. We learned about several types of bacteria which include gram positive and gram negative. Gram positive bacteria have simpler walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan and gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan and a toxic outer membrane and are more likely to be antibiotic resistant mobility. Most mobile bacteria propel themselves by flagella scatted about the surface or concentrated at one or both ends. HIV are retroviruses that use revers transcripture to copy their RNA genome into DNA. Some key terms are flagellum which are protein whip like structures that are used to propel organisms. Bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes that contain flagellum are composed of different proteins and are likely evolved independently. Another key term to know is chemoheterotrophs which are heterotrophic bacteria that take in organic molecules, photoautotrophs which use light to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbon compounds and chemoautotrophs which use energy directly from chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrates, sulfur or iron. Viruses are not cells and are small infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat and a membranous envelope.
We learned about Fungi. Fungi have many traits which include their walls being made of chitin, and can absorb food through Hyphase. They are multicellular organisms with yeast. They have many parts that include hyphae, mycellium, fruiting obdy and a spore. These parts help grow fungi like mushrooms. The diversity of fungi include sac fungi, bread molds, and club fungi. They are important in many ways like they can be used for food, antibiotics and as model systems for molecular biology.
We learned about plants and have evolved through natural selection and can be understood through the understanding of the evolution of plants. The major adaptations of plants is that they can survive in most conditions. The most major plants include Bryophyta, ferns and gymnosperms. There are two types of angiosperms which include monocots and dicots. Monocots have a single seed leaf which have parallel leaf veins with flower parts being in groups of three. Dicots have two seed leaves that have netlike veins and have flower parts in multiple of 4 or 5.
Invertebrates are important for this unit as they help evolve Earth and have many phylums. Most invertebrates are very diverse are categorized by body symmetry, tissue layers and developmental patterns. Sponges and Cnidarias are phylums and are very simple as they are very old and are similar to other animals on Earth. Sponges are related to protists and Cnidarias have four major classes that include scyphozoans, anthozoans, hydrozoans, and cubozoans. Another type of phylum are platyhelminthes which include flatworms, mollusks, and annelids and are closely related to phylas. Another phyla is phylum molluska which are diverse as well. They have a complete digestive tract that have two openings which are the mouth and anus. They have a radula, mantle and ctenidia. Another phylum is the Arthropods which have exoskeletons, jointed appendages, segmented body parts and are classified by five groups which are the trilobites, crustaceans, chelicerates, insects and myriapods. They have been given a circulatory system and have sensitive organs and compound eyes. Insects have 3 pairs of legs, a head, thorax and an abdomen and are dominant terrestrial arthoropods. Crustaceans are a diverse group of arthropods and share several common features. They can vary in structure and anatomy. The last phylum of invertebrates are echinoderms. They are similar to vertebrates and have an external skeleton.
Chordates are important to taxonomy and helped evolve Earth. They include vertebrates and have seven classes of vertebrates which are Agnatha, Condricthyes, Osteichyes, Amphibia, Reptilla, Aves and Mammalia. Agnatha are jawless fish that have developed from gill arches located around the pharynx and have a lateral line system. Condricthyes are fish with skeletons made of cartilage and include bony fish that have skeletons that are made of bone. Condricthyes also have lobe fins that are paired pectoral and pelvic fins that are round and help support weight and helped evolve the first amphibians. Reptiles that are diverse amniotes. They have ectotherms, covered in scales, reproduce by laying eggs, and have a three chambered heart. They helped evolve the first modern reptiles, bird, and mammals. Aves are birds that have evolved from dinosaurs and have hollow bones, fused collarbones that form a v shaped wishbone and have three fingered hands. Mammals are egg laying and include monotremes that lay eggs like a duck billed platypus, marsupials that give birth to live young that are later mature, and Eutherians that give birth to live young that complete fetal development.
In this unit, we had a what on Earth evolved presentation. We have done lots of presentations on the types of species that have change Earth. My presentation went well even though I was worried that I would not make the presentation at least four minutes long. I did the lobe finned fish and it was difficult getting information that would relate on how it changed evolution. There was little information on evolution and I tried to make it longer by adding interesting facts. I could have improved on how I would present it. I read most of my information on the slides I made and I should have not made my slides too wordy and should of made a document of the imformation for my presentation. For my Ted Talk, I will prepare more to know what I need to present in front of the class. I would also have to memorize more information and speak more clearly.
My What On Earth Evolved Presentation
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