Protein Synthesis Lab Conclusion

1. To make a protein, a section of DNA is copied by an enzyme to create messenger RNA. The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm. The messenger RNA then bonds with a ribosome. The ribosomes reads a codon and determines the amino acid that corresponds with the sequence and is determined by the codon that is read by the ribosome. They are bonded together and when the messenger RNA is done translated, it is folded up to become a protein.


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Protein_primary_structure.svg/2000px-Protein_primary_structure.svg.png


2. The mutation that had the most effect to the protein is frameshift mutation because it involves insertion and deletion that has a great effect to the amino acids. When the DNA inserted another base, the amino acids changed into different amino acids. When the DNA deleted a base, the amino acids started twice. The weakest mutation is substitution because it only substitutes a base for another and does not effect the amino acids much as most of the proteins still were the same from the original amino acid sequence.


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Point_Mutation.jpg


3. In step 7, I chose insertion because it's a harmful mutation. Insertion is more effective to the amino acids than deletion and substitution because more amino acids turn into different amino acids than deletion and substitution. It matters where the mutation occurs because has to occur between the codons.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Insertion-genetics.png

4. Mutations can affect our life by causing proteins to not work properly and can cause disorders in the body.
Conditional Mutations:
A type of mutation that affects the phenotype by temperature.


http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/5140/10[1].1038_ncb437-f2_full.jpg